Rationalizing the Fear Within - Literature Essay Samples

Both The Things They Carried and Apocalypse Now explore the trauma of the Vietnam War and its influence on soldiers fears. Similar characters appear in both works, their identities crafted to represent different aspects of human nature. The protagonists, Captain Willard and Tim OBrien, tell frame stories through their own points of view, giving the audience windows to the guilt and hollowness, death and savagery rife in war-torn Vietnam. Each finds himself suffocated by guilt, choking at an explanation for the endless, meaningless death and violence. Similarly, Chef, the private on Willards boat, and Curt Lemon of OBriens platoon mirror each other with their immaturity, their carefree rambunctious behavior and their gruesome, avoidable deaths. With the protagonist of each story as its guide, the audience examines the degree to which fear and primal instincts consume the soldiers in the jungle. Fear in the hearts of men grows unhindered in each work, as both Willard and OBrien strive to tell their stories as much as to placate their own fear of guilt and responsibility as to comment on the fear of others. The two works spin strikingly similar stories of insanity, guilt, and trauma, albeit through different media.Initially, the methods of storytelling employed by each protagonist seem to be completely dissimilar: Willards moves with the action, a first person account of the happenings as they take place, while OBriens jumps around from being with the action to reflecting upon it twenty years later. However, taken from a different angle, Willards narration shows as much reflection on events and personal emotion as OBriens. Both narrators are jaded by the action they have seen, displayed by the way each can instantly discern what sorts of people make his company. OBrien analyzes each of his characters through descriptions of their belongings and habits, ultimately crafting a telling portrait of each man. Likewise, Willard introduces the crew of his ship by painting their identities with a broad brush: Lance, the young surfer, Chef, the down south saucier, etc. As they move from soldier to soldier, Willard and OBrien create indelible images in the mind of the audience, colorful personas that command pity, sympathy, and loathing. Both Willard and OBrien have difficulty understanding the enemy. When reading the dossier on Kurtz, Willards voiceover reveals his thoughts and emotions about Kurtzs life and sudden, erratic decisions; in Ambush, OBrien does the same when talking about the man he killed. OBrien tries to imagine what the mans life would have been like were it not for the grenade, and even gives an objective point of view and he hypothetically tells the story to his daughter. The blend of surmise and objectivity of OBriens account in Ambush bears resemblance to Willards interactions with Kurtz. Like OBrien, Willard attempts to put himself in Kurtzs shoes, wondering if the thirst for action could turn him native and savage, as it did the colonel. Yet in each case, the protagonist falters when attempting to understand his enemy, and essentially makes the title enemy a misnomer. Illuminating one of the problems with the concept of war, both Willard and OBrien sympathize with the men they are orders to kill and add difficulty to a simple task. The struggle to rationalize the act of killing is hardest for OBrien, as the Vietnamese man was an innocent compared to the monster of Colonel Kurtz. Willard, on the other hand, sympathizes with Kurtz because he has taken the same path as his enemy, and feels the same potential for evil inside of himself. In both works, the frame story structure reveals the attempts of the protagonist to rationalize the horror around them.Fear, the impetus of survival, has a pronounced role in both Apocalypse Now and The Things They Carried. Their machismo makes soldiers attempt to mask their fear, thereby allowing it to grow within them. Attempting to deny their fear makes soldiers act illogical ly, almost turning them savage in the end. As OBrien describes in The Dentist, Curt Lemon insists on having a perfectly good tooth pulled because he fears ridicule by his peers and superiors so deeply. He had shamed himself by fainting during a routine military checkup and needed to reclaim his toughness by showing that he could withstand the pulling of a tooth, regardless of whether or not he needed that tooth to be pulled. Similarly, Lemons last action playing catch with a hand grenade illustrates the juxtaposition of war and camaraderie, the morbid fun in which the soldiers engage to sustain an illusion of safety. Just as Lemons inherent fear causes him to behave in insane ways, so does that of Chef, the saucier onboard Willards boat. Chefs death at the hands of Kurtzs savages takes place off screen, leading to a scene depicting his mangled corpse. Like Lemons death, Chefs is brief and gruesome, and overshadows the rest of his life. Prior to his gruesome exit, Chef loses touch with reality on the river when he decides to look for fruit in the jungle. As Chef and Willard run off into enemy territory, risking their lives only to look for mangoes, they too submit their will to the illogical judgment of fear. The fear inside them, stoked by the savage passions of the jungle and the war around them, instills and Chef and Willard the desire for safety, the need to revert to familiar surroundings to assuage the trauma of Vietnam. The jungles wildness consumes them on this fruitless quest, and the two soldiers flee from a tiger. The tiger, like the grenade, presents a force of reckoning to the men. It destroys the illusion of safety created by temporary peace, the lull between bouts of combat. The tiger throws Chef and Willard back into ugly reality, and the men forget their mangoes back on the Me-Kong. Their fears, and those of all soldiers, eventually come down to one thing the fear of death.As their fears deepen in the forests of Vietnam, all the man become less human. In OBriens stories, ignorant actions reveal the savage nature some of the men have developed. Kiley blows his own toe off to get out of action, for instance, and Lee Strunk begs Jensen to spare his life regardless of their pact. Apocalypse Now delves much further into the evolution of fear, as Kurtz represents an embodiment of fear itself. Once an eloquent, highly respected war hero, Colonel Kurtz devolves into a mind irreparably twisted and contorted by fear and evil. Kurtzs evil forces Willard to consider whether he himself has the capacity for the same. Though OBriens stories posses nothing as cohesive as the fear consolidated in Kurtz, many of their characters embody similar traits. Azar, for example, exudes wholly mercenary qualities throughout much of his time, showing blatant disregard for the value of life before showing deference to Kiowas memory. In the end, both mental and physical survival depends on soldiers ability to sort out his fears. OBrien does this vi a his writing, feeling that preserving the memories of fallen friends can alleviate his guilt. Willard, however, submits to his fears, fulfilling his duty and slaying the evil Kurtz. Exiting the colonels temple shirtless and sweating, chest heaving in the heat of the jungle and wild eyes flashing upon legions of native people, he resembles an idol. As he mutters the same last words Kurtz did The horror Willard shows how the experience has changed him. While OBrien exorcized his fears by writing about them, Willards clearly remain.The war itself deserves credit for any similarities between these two works. War, as an institution, commands men to act against their nature. Men are not supposed to kill each other for reasons unknown, blow off their own toes to escape confrontation, or rip out their own good teeth. They are not supposed to mount severed human heads on posts or decimate a village so one man can surf. War makes them do these things. Apocalypse Now and The Things They Car ried look closely at how war contorts the mind of a soldier, amplifying his fears into insanity. Using similar characters and techniques, each work produces a unique image of what war did to soldiers in Vietnam.

Seasonal Affective Disorder - 869 Words

Alaskans experiences on average about five hours of sunlight during the winter months, sometimes living in Alaska during the winter can take its toll on a person. The year 1984 was when Seasonal Affective Disorder first became known in a research paper at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Seasonal Affective Disorder mainly affects people in the winter season, but can also affect people during the summer seasons. Seasonal Affective Disorder is best understood as a form of depression that affects people in the winter and, less commonly, in the summer. This paper will help provide a better understanding of S.A.D. and how it affects people living in Arctic climates. Seasonal affective disorder is a form of†¦show more content†¦McMahon , et al, 2014). Another factor that can play into S.A.D. is melatonin, which helps with sleep and wake cycles. Rosenthal, et al, notes how the pineal gland, the gland that produces melatonin, will react to dark surroundings with drowsiness that can lead people to being lethargic (as cited in Melrose, 2015). When melatonin increases and serotonin decreases, the offset of the proteins can cause circadian rhythms to be disrupted, which is the bodies â€Å"24 hour† clock. Researcher Melrose writes that â€Å"†¦circadian rhythms respond to the rhythmic light-dark changes that occur daily and throughout each of the seasons.† (2015). People with S.A.D. disorder normally find that their circadian rhythms are off beat and timed differently with day lengths, for example feeling tired in the middle of the day while being wide awake or feeling wide awake when it would normally be time to sleep. Treatments that follow with the diagnose of Seasonal Affective Disorder are antidepressant medications, light therapy, vitamin D and counseling. Cheung, et al, (as cited in Melrose, 2015) reports their findings with the antidepressant, fluoxetine and discovered that the medicine was just as effective as light therapy. Light therapy is typically used in the mornings to help with circadian rhythms to help set the persons â€Å"clock†. Light therapy usually consists of people sitting in front ofShow MoreRelatedSeasonal Affective Disorder2032 Words   |  8 Pagesvaliantly try to diet. People can often find it difficult to focus at work or in a relationships, feel down in the dumps, or maybe even depressed. If a person says yes to any one of these criteria, than they may be experiencing a disorder called Seasonal Affective Disorder (S.A.D), or also known as the winter blues. A current study shows that the population that lives in the Northern America and European. In its very bas ic form, S.A.D effects 6% of all Americans suffer from this distress, SeasonalityRead MoreSeasonal Affective Disorder Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesSeasonal Affective Disorder Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a common problem of people living in northern United States. People who are affected by this disorder commonly suffer from depression, lethargy, inability to concentrate, overeating and weight gain. People from the north tend to suffer more from this disorder because of the shortened days. It appears, that due to the deficiency of sunlight some people suffer from these symptoms. The shortened days have a hormonal effect onRead MoreTheoretical Explanations on Seasonal Affective Disorder2866 Words   |  11 PagesEssay Question: A review of different theoretical explanations on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Introduction: This review will demonstrate a critical awareness of research-based literature in the field of Clinical Psychology and review theoretical explanations on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). SAD can be referred to in many different ways. The most famous include â€Å"winter depression†, â€Å"winter blues† or â€Å"seasonal depression† (Rosenthal, 1998; Marshall and Cheevers, 2006). However, other namesRead MoreFactors Affecting Seasonal Affective Disorder1571 Words   |  7 Pages1. Although many studies have focused on individual factors relating to Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), this study sought to extend such research by determining whether cognitive, behavioral and psychophysiological factors that associate to individuals with nonseasonal depression would correlate to those of SAD (Rohan, Sigmon Dorhofer, 2003). 2. Before gathering the data, the researchers had a couple hypotheses in mind. They first hypothesized that women with a history of SAD would encounterRead More The Roots of SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder) Essay2072 Words   |  9 PagesThis was when I learned of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a psychological disorder marked by the change in seasons. It nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; McClain 2 seemed simple to me at first, yet when I learned more about the disorder and the people who it affectedRead MoreEssay about A Critical View of Seasonal Affective Disorder2270 Words   |  10 PagesA Critical View of Seasonal Affective Disorder Abstract This paper is intended to be a critical view of Seasonal Affective Disorder. In order to understand fully the biological and psychological components of the disease, as well as its possible causes and treatments, it is necessary to compile and interpret previously conducted research. Such is the purpose of this paper. First, the symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder will be explained and illustrated using data and case studies. SecondRead MoreDifferent Methods Of Preventing Vitamin D Deficiency And Seasonal Affective Disorder1742 Words   |  7 PagesSeasonal affective disorder is a mood disorder characterized by depression, which occurs around the same time every year (Partonen, 1998). It is hypothesized that being deficient in vitamin D is a reason for having seasonal affective disorder. We have researched four different methods of preventing vitamin D deficiency and seasonal affective disorder. The most used methods of achieving adequate vitamin D levels were found to be indoor tanning, natural light, light therapy and vitamin D supplementationRead More Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Clear Link Between the Outside and the Inside of the Brain2521 Words   |  11 PagesSeasonal Affective Disorder: A Clear Link Between the Outside and the Inside of the Brain And God said, Let there be light; And there was light. And God saw that the light was good; And God separated the light from the darkness. God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day. (Genesis 1:3-5) (1) The sun has been an endless source of inspiration, both physical and spiritual, throughout the ages. For its light, warmth, andRead MoreDraft 2.1 Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), is defined as â€Å"a cyclic illness characterized by500 Words   |  2 PagesDraft 2.1 Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), is defined as â€Å"a cyclic illness characterized by recurrent episodes of fall/winter depression alternating with periods of spring/summer euthymia (norma l mood) or hypomania (mild elation and behavioral activation)† (2). There has been much research done to support the SAD and to find effective treatments for the annual malady such as bright light therapy. SAD generally occurs in the winter months, beginning around November and ending around March. PeopleRead MoreDepression And Seasonal Affective Disorder885 Words   |  4 Pageshealth and optimal functioning are, of course, very important in any discussion of public health. Depression and more specifically Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) can happen to anyone, and it is important to be treated when experiencing health problems like these. While I have never experienced seasonal depression, its temporal nature and the treatment of the disorder interest me. I researched SAD when I considered studying it as a topic for my undergraduate senior thesis. During the thesis preparation

Improving performance through Cross Function Teams - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2813 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Singer Sri Lanka started its operation in 1872 in Sri Lanka and is a Company that has grown over the years into a benchmark entity in Sri Lanka in terms of popularity, modernity and reach. Singer today is synonymous with quality, wide reach, and wide product range across diverse lines and wide appeal to consumers across the entire spectrum of buying power. With its inception through the sewing machine, Singers product portfolio has diversified to encompass a highly successful multi-brand strategy combining products of top world marques with the companys own products across a range of household, industrial and financial categories. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Improving performance through Cross Function Teams" essay for you Create order Over the years Singer structure has strengthen immensely to incorporate with the strategies formulated to face the changers in the environment. Singer has 38 different brands in its portfolio and has a sharp penetration level covering the width and depth of the consumer segments. Singer has joined hands with worlds leading appliance manufactures such as Hitachi, Samsung, Galanz, TCL, Philips, etcÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦and it allows them to bring down the worlds latest technology into the country. Singer has moved to multi channel strategy to cater to the different market segments. It has identified and divided its customer base into different categories based on their purchasing power, level of education, standard of living, brand loyalty, etc. different channels are there to cater for these different customer groups, which have shown in the figure 1.1. As a multinational company its not easy to manage 38 different brands through nine channels with more than 300 outlet s, whereas very special attention is needed to improve the channel performance while maintaining the brand equity as well. So for that, company need the contribution of all managers, irrespective of whether they are working in Marketing, Sales, Production, Finance, Human Resources, etc. Figure 1.1: Multi Channel Strategy Source: Singer (Sri Lanka) PLC Annual report 2007 CHAPTER 2 Typical Ways of Managing an Organization Here we are trying to understand the conventional ways of managing an organization by analyzing the usual management strategies singer had used in their past (without generalizing the theme) with the possible drawbacks of that system. Management structure of Singer (Sri Lanka) is fairly bigger compared to an organization in the same dimension. Also as explained earlier it has evolved with the expansion of the brands and channels. From the surface level the structure looks functional. Functional structure in definition is a grouping of positions into departments based on similar skills, expertise, work activities and resources use (Daft, 2009, p.293) However depends on the nature of operation different divisions have different structures in terms of both divisional and functional. Definition of the divisional structure: departments are grouped together based on organizational outputs (Daft, 2009, p.293) As a result of above combination (which is shown in the table 2.1) we c ould identify that Singer Sri Lankas has a HYBRID structure. Table 2.1 Department Structure Nature of Divisional Structure Finance Functional/Divisional Geographical Human Resources Functional/Divisional Geographical Commercial Functional Marketing Divisional Product/Geographical Sales Divisional Geographical IT Functional Service Functional/Divisional Geographical Hybrid structure is accomplished by combining the characteristics of both functional and divisional structures. It can take advantage of both forms of structures and avoid some of their weaknesses. Though its fairly and successfully combined, there are many shortcomings in the structure as well. Mainly the structure has a vertical approach and hardly any horizontal connection. Vertical structures focus on functional objectives than the corporate goals of the organization that creates a major communication gap between the functions and division. Singer (Sri Lanka) had used to practice this vertical approaching system (managing is inline with the hierarchy and the formal structure of the organization) in so many years until they had identified the critical weaknesses in the system. These weaknesses were often evident in Singer between several departments when they were trying to go behind the individual departmental objectives by just forgetting the overall company objectives. Following example will explain the drawbacks of that system in general and how it affect to the overall company performance. Eg: When Organizing Marketing Promotion, the following case was very often happening in previous system between marketing and finance division. This was not simply because of the different between their departmental objectives, but the failure of understanding the others functions. When Brand manger needs to plan an attractive promotion in the Christmas season with a large spending, the finance management focuses more on historical figures and if the sales are very low in the last three months they tend to cut down the budget accordingly. Then marketing has to alter their plan and to stick with the given resources. Ultimate result could be another unsuccessful campaign with an enormous waste. It would be a different scenario, if links were created and clear communication was visible in the two departments. Marketing would communicate with the finance division as to the current situation of the company and at the same time Finance would realize the dynamics in the market. This communication lacking has always been there in previous system and it was difficult to eliminate those problems as well. CHAPTER 3 The Concept of Cross Functional Teams 3.1 Background Issues: As discussed Singer (Sri Lanka) had vertical Hybrid structure and inter-department communication gaps often arise. Also to face the turbulent environment, the structure needed to be more flexible, team supported and empowered. To obtain the optimum results in the diversification strategy with minimum resources and waste, Singer needed to develop horizontal team structure. 3.2 Horizontal Team Structure: Fig 3.1: Horizontal Team Structure Functional Functional with interdepartmental Divisional Horizontal Structure Task forces, Integrators Structure Teams Strategic Goals: Differentiation, Innovation, Flexibility Strategic Goals: Cost Leadership, efficiency, stability Strategic Goals Source: Daft The new era of management 2006 (South-Western) 3.3 Concept of Cross Functional Teams as a Solution If we relate this concept in Figure 3.1 to Singer, we can adopt the Cross Functional Team Concept as a prominent ingredient to bridge the gap between Strategy and structure. In groping we can consider the category basis and have a well balanced cross functional team to drive the category to long term results. Composition of a horizontal team should be base on the contribution of the category to the overall success. CHAPTER 4 How Cross Functional Teams Function in Organizations New combination of strategy and structure will result in superior results long term. Fig 4.1: Long Term Profitability through Strategic Changes 4.1 Role of Cross Functional Teams [CFT] Cross Functional Teams are consisting of appropriate number of members according to the contribution of the category. Each member should empower to handle his own function according the CFT plan. It is the responsibility of all CFT members to manage business units for growth of the organization as a serious commitment. This is one of the few areas of our work life, where cross functional disciplines come into play and all functional areas can stimulate growth collectively as Teams by their divisional contribution towards a common goal and share in the joy and inspiration that success will bring to the company. Company needs all CFT members to be involved in making the business successful in each and every year. Each Business Unit will select a coordinator who should be responsible for setting up regular meetings, releasing minutes promptly and following up on program management. 4.2 Common Characteristics of CFT CFT heads must meet and discuss about the overall progress frequently and report to the cooperate management. Initial step should be to identify the correct people to correct CFT and have the best mixture with the leadership of cooperate management. With effective strategy and dedicated member of CFTs will drive the process toward the desired results. Most importantly itll enable the origination to attract strategic customers and helps to build up a local customer base. It also allows CFTs to inter change the customer (mainly corporate customers) and will result a sustainable market share for all the CFTs. Ultimately it enables to harvest long term results for the entire organization Internal Focus Control of process Customer focus culture Continuous improvement Communication Competitive Strategy Offering choice High quality Wide distribution Commitment to improvement:  · Key Management Supervision  · Cross-departm ent teams  · Work teams  · Individual action CFT Head Alignment Structure:  · Flexibility  · Adaptability  · Empowerment  · Innovation  · Team support Improved organization long term results Improved unit Performance Fig 4.2: How Cross Functional Teams Functioning 4.3 Key Performance Indicators for CFTs Revenue % Gross Margin Absolute Gross Margin Model / Product Line up Management (filling voids) Management of Obsolescence A P Productivity (Advertising and Promotion) Technology Management Supply Chain Management 4.4 Key Concerns of CFTs Related to Business Entity Here we are considering Singer (Sri Lanka) as a business model to explain key concerns of CFT. Competitor pricing is relevant to success. If price of Singer is higher than the price of competitor, it will lose its revenue and market share. CFTs who manage gross margins operate better than those who look only for revenue. Higher gross margin categories also earn higher revenue. Entry point pricing is very relevant as new entrants come into the market at low end of pricing and temporarily gain market share and this is ceaseless with brand B replacing A and so on. Obsolescence need to be sorted out promptly. CFTs who do not manage obsolescence will end up being hit by 2 charges. Provision for obsolescence and Interest Cost. Need to focus on above the line advertising. When products/models are not advertised adequately for some period, such products tend to move away from the customers sight and get replaced by other products without notice. There seems to be a lack of market intelligence among CFTs to grasp the dynamics of market changes, developments, consumer behavior, and savings, etc. Eg. 1 Need to own a water filter in rural suburban homes due to contamination of water was not picked up by market intelligence, but by accident. Eg. 2 Gradual replacement of the paddy thresher by the combined harvester has yet to strike home as a relevant change in consumer behavior. This leads to conclusion that the company should be more alert on the interactions going on in the market place and the dynamics of change. CHAPTER 5 Achieving Excellence Through Cross Functional Teams Cross Functional Teams including Brand Managers should concentrate on working out a model as to How do we get there?, When do we get there?. By supporting company to achieve its overall objectives, there are some other main responsibility areas which CFTs are focusing on. Followings are kind of a important ways to drive the company to achieve its goals. 5.1 Implement the Open Communication and Informal Culture: Its better if there is a free flow of information among all level of managers and the staff. Organizations can implement this culture through CFTs, which is more flexible and also easier to take quicker action to changes needed to keep up in the business world. 5.2 Promote Doing Research on Business Matters: Most successful companies in all over the world are not scared to try things or doing researches. Again, the open communication and informal culture is also supporting to this in a bigger way. CFT member are always supportive to others to do or try out something new and if anything goes wrong the entire team will get the responsibility for that. 5.3 More and More Closer to the Customer: Successful companies have a passion about the customer, usually applicable to reliability, product and service quality. Working as a CFT provide necessary facilities and eagerness to treat customers well and the group then works more toward the customer orientation, which lead to success of the entire business. 5.4 Promote to Do Innovations: If all CFT members can be more flexible and supportive of the creative process, then it will be successful in the long run. Coming up with new ideas to optimize business opportunities available or to save cost by doing tasks differently from the past. (Method changes) 5.5 Enhance Productivity through People Intervention: Any organization should develop a people base culture and consider everyones idea in the organization for the overall success of the company. This will eventually increase productivity and CFT is a good place to start as well. 5.6 Simple Form, Lean Staff: To be more flexible when dealing with fast changing conditions; the failure may be not because of an issue with the best practices but an issue with the execution. Company needs to be efficient in the fundamentals, more innovative in all aspects and should be fast responsive to threats. This is also a main idea behind the formation of CFTs. 5.7 Category Driven, Rather than Channel Driven: Eg: Members of Television CFT have to look after the TV operation at Singer Mega as other channels. So their total sale from that category is matter, not through which channel it comes from. 5.8 Empower Employees: Through CFTs organization is providing a greater authority for company staff to make decisions even at the field level. This will create the mindset of all employees that they are also important part of making company wide decisions. 5.9 Development Succession of Staff: In a broader way it is a responsibility of CFT for setting a succession plan to develop the next level in all management categories by allowing them to participate for the meetings time to time. 5.10 Maximize Department Productivity: CFTs can support this in a numerous ways by optimizing available staff, using Department sub committees to overcome bottlenecks and problems, by helping other Departments and getting the help from the other Departments to solve common problems. 5.11 Enhancing Internal Controls: Companies are aware that some departments (In Singer specially marketing) have lost heavily due to malpractices and misfeasance by neglecting internal controls (despite having a full scale internal audit). So CFTs suggest and change the methods/procedures/ rules time to time to enhance the internal controls in the organization. 5.12 Cost Improvement: It is inferred that every large company has a wastage element of 10 to 15% of total cost. CFTs can give their input by focusing on eliminate this wastage while not affecting operations by ad-hoc cost cuts which may be detrimental to the business. 5.13 Adding new Goods Services: Adding successful new products to the portfolio, which will be compatible with the existing business, is also a collective responsibility of CFTs. CHAPTER 6 Way Forward Beyond the Excellence Andy Grove, the legendary former Chairman of Intel, has the following views on cross functionality and it is worth reading him in this context: Always assume its your responsibility By that he means to take on a job even if it wasnt yours Thats a general thought, but it creates specific action and works across almost any situation, from picking up garbage on the floor to a new product idea If you automatically assume its your responsibility and do something about it that makes the company better. Those who recognize that are the ones who end up being most successful. Organizational performance, strategies, rules, alone with practices only will not help to develop that kind of higher inspiration among the people who are working in the organization. It should need some sort of professionalism and real need from the top management starting from the CEO of the company and penetrate to the most bottom layer through all levels of the organizational structure. To achieve superior performance through the concept of CFT is a kind of a developing inherent quality of the employees rather than implementing another controlling mechanism by the organization. So in a very broader way this can lead towards to achieve a cultural change in an organization by enhancing the motivation, courage, enthusiasm of all the employees with positive attitudes. Further to achieve the outstanding performance by CFTs, apart from the responsibilities highlighted in the previous chapter, it is essential to do the frequent gap analysis where necessary to place the icing on the cake on; improving gross margins filling up model voids improving quality reduce obsolete and non moving inventory So the continuous focusing towards the companys operations and the real interest of the management is the key factors which determine whether the company can go an extra mile or in other words whether the company is able to drive beyond the excellence. CONCLUSION As per our analysis carried out, it is evident that the structure plays an important role in contribution towards the long term performances and sustainability of the organization. As explained in the forgoing discussion Singer (Sri Lanka), more serious issues faced with the former structure resulted in a communication gaps between the different functional departments. This is very common for the most of the industries in Sri Lanka and the majority is operating to achieve their individual departmental objectives without thinking the company objectives as a whole. Changes in structure to a more matrix based structure (by implementing the CFT strategy) enable and encourage clear communication as well as responsibility. Therefore this change would facilitate to perform and enable better control system, ultimately reflecting the better bottom line profitability of the organization.

Struggle And Growth In Alice Walkers The Color Purple

Struggle and Growth in Alice Walker s The Color Purple The Color Purple by Alice Walker depicts the struggle and growth of Celie, an uneducated slave of the South who became a victim of racism, men, and social injustices, that we learn through numerous letters that she writes as a diary. Walker uses Celie s uneducated grammar to help the reader perceive the pain that she thinks and feels in order to become a mature, twentieth-century woman. As Celie writes to God for guidance and strength asking that she may carry on, her letters shift to be intended for her intensely loved sister, Nettie, whom separated from Celie at an early age. Celie becomes a victim of brutal violence as she refuses to fight back to the injustices†¦show more content†¦He gave you life, good health, and a good women that love you to death. (119). Celie replies with All my life I never care what people thought bout nothing I did, I say. But deep in my heart I care about God. What he going to think. And come to find out he don t think. Just sit up there glorifying in being deff I reckon. (120). She eventually believes that God has failed her and won t serve as a confidant, therefore, reaches out to Nettie. Celie s unwavering love for Nettie provides Celie with some optimism to hold onto, for Nettie s eventual happiness leads Celie to believe that happiness may also be possible for her in the future. Every letter that Celie writes to Nettie illustrates the strictest confidence she delivers to her sister; most feelings remain trapped inside of Celie except those told to either Nettie or Shug. Celie confides in Nettie her fears, her secrets, her joys and her disappointments: I sit here in this big house by myself trying to sew, but what good is sewing gon do? What good is anything? Being alive begin to seem like a awful strain (262). Well you know wherever there a man there trouble (213). I am so happy. O got love, I got work, I got money, friends and time. And you alive and be home soon (222). Nettie s confiding in Celie allows for an amazing relationship to develop, where they can feel each other s presence in their hearts. There is so much toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Struggle and Growth in Alice Walkers Color Purple836 Words   |  4 PagesStruggle and Growth in Alice Walkers The Color Purple The Color Purple depicts the struggle and growth of Celie, an uneducated slave of the South who became a victim of racism, sexual roles, men, and social injustices, in numerous letters that she writes as a diary. Walker uses Celies uneducated grammar to help the reader perceive the pain that she thinks and feels in order to become a mature, twentieth-century woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As Celie writes to God for guidance and strength askingRead MoreCriticism and Reflection of the Color Purple by Alice Walker1151 Words   |  5 PagesCriticism and Reflection of the Color Purple by Alice Walker Criticized as a novel containing graphic violence, sexuality, sexism, and racism, The Color Purple was banned in several schools across the United States. Crude language and explicit detail chronicle the life of Celie, a young black woman subjected to society’s cruelties. Although immoral, the events and issues discussed in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple are prominent in today’s society, and must be public and conversed ratherRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker1192 Words   |  5 Pagesas a novel containing graphic violence, sexuality, chauvinism, and racism, The Color Purple was banned in numerous schools across the United States. Crude language, brutality, and explicit detail chronicle the life of Celie, a young black woman exposed to southern society’s harshness. While immoral, the events and issues discussed in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple remain pervasive in today’s society. The Color Purple epitomizes the hardships that Afri can Americans faced at the turn of the centuryRead MoreAlice Walkers Themes of Womanism, Community, and Regeneration1968 Words   |  8 Pages7th February 2011 Alice Walkers Themes of Womanism, Community, and Regeneration Alice Walker is considered one of the most influential African American writers of the 20th century, because of her raw portrayal of African American struggles and the injustices towards black women. She was the first African American female novelist to win both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award for The Color Purple. Her work is appealing and powerful because â€Å"Walkers novels can be read as anRead More Alice Walkers The Color Purple: Celies Struggles Expressed in Letters547 Words   |  3 PagesAlice Walkers The Color Purple: Celies Struggles Expressed in Letters Dear God, Gets me out of here. I needs to love and laugh. I needs to be free of this bastard and these white people. 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Not only does Celie struggle with the external prejudicesRead MoreAlice Walker And Zora Neale Hurston875 Words   |  4 PagesAlice Walker and Zora Neale Hurston Both Alice Walker and Zora Neale Hurston are similar to having the same concept about black women to have a voice and being perspective. These two authors are phenomenal women who impacted on the southern hospitality roots. Alice Walker and Zora Neale Hurston comment on fear, avenge, and righteousness among African American women that are abuse of their power. Walker and Hurston uses the same theory of feminism to point out the liberation that isRead MoreExamples Of Womanism In The Color Purple1866 Words   |  8 PagesWritten in 1982 by Alice Walker, The Color Purple is a Pulitzer-Prize winning novel about one Southern black woman’s life of abuse and journey of self-discovery in the search to reunite with her sister. With film and Broadway adaptations, the story has reached raving audiences all over the world and has come with a significant amount of both acclaim and criticism. In this essay, I will establish how Alice Walker subverts stereotypes associated with bla ck female sexuality through the relationshipRead MoreComparative Essay; to Kill a Mockingbird and the Colour Purple3841 Words   |  16 PagesOne Will Take What He Is Given The purpose of Alice Walker’s novel The Color Purple and Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is to demonstrate the hardships that are met when ignorance and tradition bring about the influence of sexism, racism and genuine prejudice to the general public. Ignorance is the root cause of prejudice as it prevents one to see beauty, so when it comes to dealing with the discriminating behavior held in this social order, the vast majority of people are judged by the labelRead MoreThe Color Purple, by Alice Walker and Push, by Sapphire Essay3208 Words   |  13 Pagesshocked at how unprotected the heroine, Precious, is towards society. She is an African-American teenage girl who struggles with accepting herself and her past, but the cruel â€Å"unwritten laws† of her time constantly prevent her rise until she becomes the part of a community that will empower her to triumph over her barriers. â€Å"The Color Purple† is a Pulitzer Prize winning novel by Alice Walk er which tells the story of a black woman’s, Celie’s, striving for emancipation. (Whitted, 2004) These novels

Language Skills Have Improved Over The Semester Essay

Overall, the students have not met most goals, however, their behavior and language skills have improved over the semester. If the goals were all receptive in nature, the students would have achieved them. These goals were too advanced for the students. Yet, they are definitely achievable with therapy and lots of practice. These students have much potential and could achieve these goals in a 1:1 structured therapy session. Pragmatics According to Veale (2012) and Williams and Janis (2010), age-appropriate norms for the pragmatic language skills for children between the ages of 2 years old and 5 years old are: †¢ Engaging in joint attention and maintaining eye contact †¢ Directing attention (i.e. look at my tower) †¢ Demonstrating turn-taking in communication and during play †¢ Responding to greetings (i.e. good morning) †¢ Answering questions (i.e. I want more bubbles) †¢ Following directions †¢ Initiating conversations with others (i.e. this truck is blue and yellow) †¢ Protesting (i.e. I don’t want to sit) †¢ Requesting an object/action or information (i.e. will you zip my jacket?) †¢ Making comments/statements (i.e. I am Batman) †¢ Using nonverbal signaling (gestures, pointing, eye contact) Procedures: The students’ pragmatic skills were observed during big group story time, small group, free choice in the classroom, and on the playground. Present Status: Age- appropriate norms for pragmatic language for students between the ages of 2 -5 years old are to produceShow MoreRelatedMy Writing Skills Improved Over The Last Semester950 Words   |  4 Pages My Writing Skills have improved Over the Last Semester While attending writing class, I learned about the 4 steps in writing, bases for revising, organizing, and connecting specific information, and I also learned about the different types of essays such as descriptive, narrative, process, cause and effect and argumentative essay. I have been a student at Milwaukee Area Technical College for 1 semester, and over the course of my enrollment I have grown and learned more that I knew prior to attendingRead MoreBackground Information About Myself For A School And Study The English Language882 Words   |  4 PagesBefore you read my letter I would like to give you some background information about myself. 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Comparison the difference between eastern and western advertisement free essay sample

With the fast development of globalization, economical communications become more frequently, which brings more inter-cultural advertisements. The purposes of the commercial advertisements are to persuade customers to buy those products and to earn great interests trough describing the products lively and specifically. English, as the most wildly used commercial language, becomes more and more popular. But many companies often pay little attention to the cultural differences between Western and Eastern countries. Most of them just translate their source language advertisement to English, and the result of this consequence is that most of the foreigners cannot understand the meaning of the advertisements; even they will misunderstand the information of the advertisements. Advertisements should adapt to the customers’ minds and meet consumers’ needs. In order to enlarge the abroad markets, businessmen also need to think over the culture background and know the thinking pa tterns of the advertisements and use the powerful impact of the apt advertisements to earn the interest. Nowadays, the world is filled with large amount of information. Anyhow, not all the information could leave deep expression on people. What advertisers should do is to introduce the commodity to the customers by all means and persuade them to purchase the commodity through advertisements. What kind of advertisement could attract the public? What kind of advertisement could help the manufacture gain more profit? What kind of advertisement could be accepted by western people? What kind of advertisement could be accepted by eastern people? So being aware of the thinking patterns of the Western and Eastern ads are of great significance. The aim of this paper is to make comparison between the different thinking patterns of the western and eastern advertisements. â… ¡ The Characteristics of Eastern Advertisements In China, people are deeply influenced by Confuciusian. China nation has regarded nature and human as one harmonious unit, not as separate pieces.  China has a long history, of which advertisers tend to make good use to narrow the gap between the products and consumers. For example, the advertisement of Wahaha beverage saysâ€Å"Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¥  â€šÃ¦ ° ´Ã¦ ² Ã§Å¡â€žÃ© ¾â„¢Ã¤ ºâ€¢Ã¨Å' ¶Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¨Æ'哈哈çŸ ¿Ã¦ ³â€°Ã¦ ° ´Ã¨Å' ¶Ã© ¥ ®Ã¦â€"™â€ . This advertisement makes people feel the Wahaha beverage out of ordinary, but holy and mysterious. So this ad elevates the reputation of the product to some extent and arise the consumers’ desire to buy this goods then achieve the Chinese also have the psychology of hearing nice words, so from Chinese ads many nice words could be seen, such as longevity, happy life forever, good salary, healthy body etc. And eastern people are declined to express emotion in the euphemism tortuous way, which is affected by Confucian ideas—modest and conservative. Chinese culture prefers to family peace and harmonious, this would be connected with the long history and the self-sufficiency family’s economy. People should respect the aged, take care of the youth, and keep good relationship with the relatives, and have the responsibility to help those who are in trouble. For example, in China, there is a popular advertisement â€Å"Parents don’t receipt gifts this year. They just accept naobaijin(ä »Å Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã§Ë† ¸Ã¥ ¦Ë†Ã¨ ¿â€¡Ã¨Å â€š æ” ¶Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã¯ ¼Å'æ” ¶Ã§ ¤ ¼ Ã¥  ªÃ¦â€ ¶ è„‘ç™ ½Ã©â€¡â€˜) † . This is a symbolic advertise in China: when the most important festival—spring festival is coming, in order to show their filial piety, children would like to buy many presents to their parents and grandparents. But which is the best choice among so many goods in th e mall? This ad just meets the important psychology of Chinese consumers, for which this product has a good sales. There is another important characteristic of eastern advertisement—advertisers often use certificates and honor as a tool to attract Chinese consumers. Chinese customers trust in authority very much, such as IS9001 international quality certification system or China famous brand. Those certificates and honor don’t just represent the current quality but the future quality assurance. Owing to this reason, advertiser often put these certificates on the obvious place to evoke customers’ trust. Besides, official laws and regulars give some restricts to the advertisement language. Chinese laws stipulate that ads language be truthful and standardized, any contents about gender discrimination or ethic racial differences or breach of socialist civilization would be forbidden. A female movie star from Taiwan is a spokesperson of thermal protective suit lately. But official don’t allow this advertisement being screened, because the female star is too sexy. At  last, quoting the ancient idiom or phrases is another feature of Chinese advertisement. In many Chinese alcohol advertisements, we can see actors and actresses wearing ancient China style clothes, tasting the alcohol and reading the poetry. This is a symbolic image that appears in the ancient China. â… ¢ The Characteristics of Western Advertisement In contrast with eastern world, western culture insists the pluralistic, which emphasizes varieties of the world and self-development and freedom. So western culture encourages people to conquer the nature and pursues self-character. Advertisements owning these features can seize customers’ purchase. The ad slogan of IBM is a symbolical oneâ€Å"no business too small, no problem too big†. This slogan gives customers an expression that IBM Corporation could deal with any problems. This spirit conform to western value system, and could arise the same feeling that people is the master of the world. The similar slogans include the ad of Nike—just do it. Western advertisements tend to use the strong and direct marketing strategy, and regard a product of the â€Å"immediate results† as a selling point. For example, â€Å"go and get it at once†,â€Å"buy it†,â€Å"fit it well†,â€Å"take action right now†,â€Å"call now†etc. is the common use in foreign ads.ï ¹ Ã‚ ²Ã¯ ¹Å¾ What’s more, western ads describe the product in a direct way and choose the brief words. The slogan of Nestle coffee the taste is great is so classical that Nestle Corporation use it as the permanent slogan. This slogan just expresses the true inner feeling after drinking Nestle coffee, which people accept its direct expression, and which is the point where it is popular and classical. Of all the European and American values, individualism is probably the most basic. They take more emphasis on independence and individualism. So advertisers would like to attract customers attention trough the contents that trough individual efforts to get success in career and increase of social status and material wealth and that display personal characters, ideas, and humor. ï ¹ Ã‚ ²Ã¯ ¹Å¾Another feature of the western ads is that they won’t honor any identification certificates. Western customers would like to trust themselves to purchase the commodities, not rely on the certifications or honor. â… £ Analysis of the Elements of these Differences Take the advertisements of the Toyota Corporation as an example. The slogan of Toyota in the US is â€Å"Not all cars are created equal†. People who know the history of America will understand the first sentence of â€Å"the Declaration of Independence† is â€Å"all men are created equal†. Toyota uses this method to express that the cars of Toyota have better quality than other cars. But when Toyota corporation began to sell cars to China, it changed its slogan—â€Å"è ½ ¦Ã¥Ë† °Ã¥ ± ±Ã¥â€° Ã¥ ¿â€¦Ã¦Å"‰è · ¯Ã¯ ¼Å'æÅ"‰è · ¯Ã¥ ¿â€¦Ã¦Å"‰ä ¸ °Ã§â€ °Ã¨ ½ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¯ ¼Å' which was applied mechanically an Chinese common saying and were accepted easily by Chinese consumers. There are many elements leading to the different use of the ad languages, such as history, moral rules, environments, religions etc. In a word, it is cultural differences. Language and culture are inseparable. Language is a part of a nation’s culture, from which we can see some symbolic characteristics of this nation; in another hand, culture is the origin of language, which takes great influence and restrict on the language. So a philosophy idea, thinking mode of race, the cultural mental state, moral concept, life style, customs and habits, social system, religion and faith†¦etc, will produce a function to the advertisement language by all means. No matter how the advertisements develop, advertise still covers these influences. Each advertisement has its trace of its native national culture. Owing to the differences of the eastern and western world, the choice of words, the style and the form and the content of the advertisements are very different. â… ¤ Conclusion It is said that, â€Å"While in Rome, do as Rome dose.† This sentence is also useful for advertisement. Take the culture differences into account; know what kind of advertisement content being accepted easily by people from different environments. Only to make the customers have cordial feelings could the products be popular and gain large profits. All successful advertisements are made according to the local culture, including the national culture and advertise culture. There are too many differences between western and eastern cultures. If producer don’t pay attention to the differences of the cultural features, the deal will be fail at last in any cases. It is the truth that a successful advertisement can bring large profit; meanwhile, an unsuccessful advertisement may cause the huge lost of the company and the whole country.

Simulating Characteristics of Populations †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Simulating Characteristics of Populations. Answer: Introduction: The main aim of this report is to determine the demographic status of the post code 2040, in order to determine the market requirement regarding the real estate (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). Accordingly, the recommendations will also be provided which will help the organization to effectively tap the target area. This report will discuss about the existing forms of infrastructure in the given post code. Moreover, the demographic status such as marital status education, occupation and family size will also be discussed. It is important for the Alpha property development to undertake the market research and customer profiling due to the reason that it will help them to determine the target market along with the taste and preference pattern of the customers (Malhotra, Birks and Wills 2013). Customer profiling will help the organization to identify the needs and requirement of the customers (Ghosh, Sun and Zhang 2012). Accordingly they can provide their products in the market. Market research and customer profiling also helps the organization to identify the market standard and the purchasing power of the customers. This will enable them to offer their products accordingly. This particular postcode is more of a tier II city and thus, the shopping centers are much more disorganized. Only single shopping center is situated in the location without having any malls (Vitorino 2012). The shopping center is located at the heart of the city with having access to other parts of the city. In addition, various other small shopping destinations are being located in this area. This post code is well connected with the various other regions with the help of road and train transport. Public transportation is the key mode of transportation for the people here along with the plying of private vehicles also. Trains are another mode of transport which helps in connecting with far areas. It is a beneficial factor for the real estate properties being setting up here. The road infrastructure is top notch with having various artery linking roads. The main highway is linking this post code with other areas. Different linking roads are connecting the post code from various directions. The average literacy level is favorable in this post code. Two high schools are situated in this post code. A college is there which is catering to the whole post code. However, a major portion of the population goes out for the higher studies. Several kindergarten and child care organizations are situated in the locality. Being a tier II area, recreational and leisure such as gyms, parks, bike paths and swimming pools are not being available to a large extent. The entire locality is having a single park for the recreational purpose. There is a urgent need for a community hall in this locality. Restaurants and entertainment One star restaurant is available in the locality. Expensive restaurants are not there due to the reason that the purchasing power of the customers will not permit. However, restaurants catering to different cuisines will have opportunities in this area. A single screen movie theatre is located in this area. No multiplex is there and thus having a multiplex will help to attract more customers. From the gathered data, it is being seen that people from the age group between 35 and 39 comprise of the major portion. The age demographics of this locality is more or less similar to that of the average Australian trend (Magnus 2012). However, the population above the age of 75 is more in this area compared to the national average. This is due to the fact that major portions of the younger generation are being migrated to the metro cities for job and education. The majority of the population is married due to the fact that younger generations have been migrated for the higher education and job. The average education level in the locality is the high school grade. This is due to the reason that there is less chance of higher education due to lack of higher education facilities. This is also one of the key reasons for the younger generation to migrate. The weekly income of the post code is mostly favorable due to the reason of high level of literacy and job opportunities. The weekly income ranges from $ 84. Majority of the people are being employed due to the presence of various employment opportunities and migration of a major portion for job purposes. The average daily work hours in this postcode are 7 hours which is at par to the national average. Thus, the working hours in this post code is also favorable. The major portion of the population is depending on the farm activities. A large portion is in the service sectors. Various large business houses have their facilities in the locality which employs more people. Family composition Majority of the families are having husband and wife and most of their children went for higher studies. In addition, younger generation has also opted for separate house. The majority of the population is having nuclear family with small portion is having large joint family. The average family members per family in this postcode are 3. Majority of the families are having single apartments. Concept of housing complex is not common in the locality (Rahman et al. 2013). Most of the apartments are having double bedrooms. Single bedrooms are also there. More than double bedrooms are rare sight. Most of the apartments are being owned with some are being rented. The registered motor vehicles are less in number compared to the households. Currently, there is 1 motor vehicle for every 3 households. The average price is on the lower side due to the fact that the demand is lower compared to the supply. However, with the increase in the income level the demand is rising along with the price level. Establishment of shopping mall will be profitable for them due to the reason that there is not a single shopping mall in the locality (El Hedhli, Chebat and Sirgy 2013). Thus, the market for shopping mall will be more. Having low cost high rising residential property will also be profitable due to the fact that customers will avail the low cost residential properties. Initiation of a community centre will have many opportunities due to the reason that there is not a single community centre in the area. Conclusion Having analyzed the market demography of this postcode, it can be conclude that the locality is having mostly middle class families and thus construction of low cost properties will have huge opportunities. In addition, the average income of the locality is rising and thus the purchasing power of the customers is also rising. Alpha property development will have huge opportunities if they invest in diversified properties. The price of the property is also rising and thus initial investment for them will be favorable. With having effective transportation and road ways, residential properties will find buyers in this area. Reference El Hedhli, K., Chebat, J.C. and Sirgy, M.J., 2013. Shopping well-being at the mall: Construct, antecedents, and consequences.Journal of Business Research,66(7), pp.856-863. Ghosh, S., Sun, X.A. and Zhang, X., 2012, May. Consumer profiling for demand response programs in smart grids. InInnovative Smart Grid Technologies-Asia (ISGT Asia), 2012 IEEE(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Magnus, G., 2012.The age of aging: How demographics are changing the global economy and our world. John Wiley Sons. Malhotra, N.K., Birks, D.F. and Wills, P., 2013.Essentials of marketing research. Pearson. Rahman, A., Harding, A., Tanton, R. and Liu, S., 2013. Simulating the characteristics of populations at the small area level: New validation techniques for a spatial microsimulation model in Australia.Computational Statistics Data Analysis,57(1), pp.149-165. Vitorino, M.A., 2012. Empirical entry games with complementarities: An application to the shopping center industry.Journal of Marketing Research,49(2), pp.175-191. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A., 2012.Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media.